Liquid body-cleansing agents based on alkyl glycosides

ABSTRACT

Aqueous detergent preparations containing 1-20 wt. % of a condensation product of fatty acids with 12-22 carbon atoms and water-soluble oligo- and/or polypeptides and their water-soluble salts, and 1-20 wt. % of an alkyl glycoside are characterized by their excellent foaming capacity and increased viscosity or ease of thickening on addition of 1-8 wt. % of an amphoteric or zwitterionic tenside and/or 0.1-5 wt. % of a water-soluble, inorganic electrolytic salt, e.g. a chloride or sulphate of an alkali metal or magnesium.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to water-based detergent preparations which areparticularly suitable for use as liquid or paste-form personal hygienepreparations and which show increased viscosity, good thickenability byaddition of water soluble electrolyte sales and improved foaming powerand which contain a combination of protein hydrolyzate/fatty acidcondensation products (PFC) and alkyl glycosides.

STATEMENT OF RELATED ART AND OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Protein/fatty acid condensates are a well-known class of surfactantswhich, by virtue of their compatibility with the skin, are recommendedfor cosmetic cleaning preparations. However, they show poor foamingpower and, in the form of aqueous solutions, cannot be effectivelythickened by addition of electrolytes. Accordingly, they have to becombined with high-foaming, readily thickenable anionic surfactants sothat their high compatibility with the skin is impaired. Accordingly,there was a need to find a suitable surfactant partner for surfactantsof the protein/fatty acid condensate type which would enable the foamingproperties to be improved and their viscosity to be readily increasedwithout any reduction in compatibility. These properties areparticularly important for cosmetic personal hygiene preparations suchas, for example, liquid soaps, shower baths, bath preparations, cosmeticwashing pastes, hair rinses and hair shampoos, because these productsare distibuted by hand over the head or body and, accordingly, require acertain viscosity to prevent them from running through the fingers likewater. However, such properties are also desirable in liquid light-dutydetergents and dishwashing detergents.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It has now been found that, by combining protein/fatty acid condensateswith alkyl glycosides, it is possible to produce particularlyinteresting water-based detergent preparations which not only combinethe advantages of both classes of surfactant, they also shown newunexpected properties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention relates to water-based detergentpreparations containing

(A) 1 to 20% by weight of a condensation product of fatty acidscontaining 12 to 22 carbon atoms and, water-soluble oligo- and/orpoly-peptides, preferably protein hydrolyzates or a water-soluble saltthereof and

(B) 1 to 20% by weight of an alkyl glycoside corresponding to theformula R¹ -(G)_(x), in which R¹ is an alkyl group containing 8 to 22carbon atoms and (G)_(x) is a glucoside or oligoglycoside unit having adegree of oligomerization x of 1 to 10. The detergent preparationsaccording to the invention have a higher viscosity--or, for lowersurfactant concentrations, better thickenability by addition ofelectrolytes--than preparations containing only one of the twocomponents. In addition, the foaming power of the preparations accordingto the invention is synergistically increased. Condensation products offatty acids and oligopeptides or polypeptides are, above all, the knowncondensation products of fatty acids and protein hydrolyzates. To thisend, proteins, for example soya protein, collagen or keratin are firstsubjected to hydrolysis to form water soluble oligopeptides and/orpolypeptides. The oligopeptides and/or polypeptides are then acylatedwith fatty acid chlorides. However, it is also possible, for example inaccordance with FR-PS 936 632, to heat the alkali metal salt of thepeptide with the fatty acid soap to temperatures of 130° C. to 220° C.The salts of the protein hydrolyzate/fatty acid condensates obtainablein this way are commercially available in the form of aqueous solutionsunder the names of Lamepon® or Maypon®.

Alkyl glycosides corresponding to the formula R¹ -(G)_(x) are well-knownsurface-active agents which may be produced from sugars and aliphatic,primary alcohols containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms by acetalization.Preferred sugar components (glycoses) are glucose and also fructose,mannose, galactose, talose, gulose, allose, altrose, idose, arabinose,xylose, lyxose, ribose and mixtures thereof. By virtue of their readyavailability and their favorable performance properties, it is preferredto use the acetalization products of glucose with fatty alcohols (R¹--OH) which may be obtained, for example, from natural oils and fats byknown methods, more particularly using linear, primary, saturated andunsaturated fatty alcohols containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

Alkyl glycosides corresponding to the formula R¹ -(G)_(x), theirproduction and their use as surface-active agents are known, forexample, from US-A-3,839,318, US-A-3,707,535, US-A-3,547,828, DE-A-19 43689, DE-A-20 36 472, DE-A-30 01 064 and EP-A-77 167.

So far as the glycoside unit -(G)_(x) is concerned, both monoglycosides(x=1), in which a sugar unit is attached to the fatty alcohol by aglycoside bond, and oligomeric glycosides having a degree ofoligomerization x of 2 to 10 are suitable. Mixtures of monoglycosidesand oligoglycosides are normally present. Particularly suitable arealkyl glycosides (B) corresponding to the formula R¹ -(G)_(x), in whichR¹ is a C₈₋₁₈ alkyl group and (G)_(x) is a glucoside or oligoglucosidehaving a degree of oligomerization x of 1 to 4. In a particularlypreferred embodiment, R¹ is a C₁₂₋₁₆ group and -(G)_(x) is the residueof a mixture of glucosides and oligoglucosides having an average degreeof oligomerization x=1-2.

In addition to the compulsory components (A) and (B), which preferablyare present in a total amount of at least 5% by weight of the totalpreparation, the aqueous detergent preparations according to theinvention may also contain other surfactants and additives, although nomore than 20% by weight other surface-active agents should be present.

If the total content of components (A) and (B) is below 20% by weightand the content of component (B) is below 8% by weight, the viscosity ofdetergent preparations according to the invention may still beunsatisfactory. However, it is of particular advantage of thepreparations according to the invention that, in cases such as these,viscosity may readily be increased by addition of water solubleinorganic electrolyte salts or even by addition of an amphoteric orzwitterionic surfactant or by addition of both products.

In one preferred embodiment, therefore, the detergent preparationsaccording to the invention additionally contain

(C) 1 to 8% by weight of an amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant and/or

(D) 0.1 to 5% by weight of a water-soluble inorganic electrolyte salt.

Amphoteric surfactants (C) are characterized by a lipophilic alkyl oracyl group and a carboxyl group. Examples of suitable amphotericsurfactants are, for example, N-(C₁₂₋₁₈)-alkylaminoacetic acid,N-(C₁₂₋₁₈)-acylaminopropyl aminopropionic acid. Zwitterionic surfactantsare distinguished by a lipophilic alkyl or acyl containing 8 to 18carbon atoms, a quaternary ammonium group and a carboxyl group. Examplesof suitable zwitterionic surfactants (C) areN-(C₁₂₋₁₈)-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl glycinate,N-(C₁₂₋₁₈)-acylaminopropyl-N,N-dimethyl glycinate,N-(C₁₂₋₁₈)-acylaminoethyl-N,N-dimethyl glycinate,N-(C₁₂₋₁₈)-acylaminopropyl-N-methyl-N-hydroxyethyl glycinate,2-(C₁₂₋₁₈)-alkyl-1-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyethyl imidazoline.

Suitable inorganic electrolyte salts (D) are any water soluble alkalimetal, ammonium and alkaline earth metal salts, for example thefluorides, chlorides, bromides, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates andhydrogen carbonates providing they are soluble in water in a quantity ofat least 1% by weight at 20° C. The chlorides or sulfates of an alkalimetal or magnesium are preferably used. Sodium chloride and magnesiumchloride are particularly effective.

The rheological properties of the detergent compositions according tothe invention are particularly good above all when the sum of components(A)+(B)+(C)+(D) is at least 8% by weight of the composition as a whole.

In addition, the preparations according to the invention may containother components which make them particularly suitable for theparticular application envisaged. For example, other nonionic or anionicsurfactants may be present, the quantity in which they are presentpreferably being gauged so that, in addition to (A) and (B), no morethan 20% by weight of other surface-active agents are present.

Finally, fragrances, dyes, opacifiers and pearlescers, antimicrobialagents, preservatives, antioxidants, skin-cosmetic agents, vegetableextracts, protein hydrolyzates, buffers, complexing agents,water-soluble polymers, layer silicates and other known auxiliaries andadditives of the type typically used in shampoos, bath additives, showerbath preparations, liquid soaps, skin cleaning liquids or pastes, liquidhair rinses and in liquid fine-duty detergents and dishwashingdetergents and liquid domestic cleaners may also be present in smallquantities.

The following Examples are intended to illustrate the invention.

EXAMPLES

The following test substances were used:

PFC=Collagen hydrolyzate/coconut oil (C₁₂₋₁₈) condensate, Na salt (thecommercial product Lamepon® S was used in the form of a 30% aqueoussolution)

APG=Alkyl (C₁₂₋₁₄) glucoside (the alkyl group corresponds to the C chaindistribution of a C₁₂₋₁₄ coconut oil fatty alcohol fraction; the averagedegree of oligomerization x is 1.4) in the form of a 50% aqueoussolution.

Test formulations 1 to 10 of Tables I and II were prepared by mixing thecomponents at 20° C.

RESULTS

The viscosity of the formulations was measured at 20° C. using a Haaketype RV3 rotational viscosimeter. The results are set out in Table I.

The foaming power of the formulations was determined in a so-calledstandardized bath tub test. To this end, 0.01% solution of the testformulation was prepared in a bath tub (15 g to 150 l of water at 20°C.) and was foamed by inflowing water. The foam formed under definedconditions (time, water pressure) was volumetrically measured. Theresults are set out in Table II.

                                      TABLE 1                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Composi-                                                                      tion*                                                                              1   2   3  4   5  6  7   8  9   10  11  12 13  14  15  16                __________________________________________________________________________    PFC  15  15  7.5                                                                              9   10 10 12  12  8  8    4  4   5  5    3  3                 APG  --  --  12.5                                                                             10  8.5                                                                              8.5                                                                               5  5  --  --   4  4   3  3    5  5                 NaCl --  1-3 -- --  -- 0.5                                                                              --  2  --  1-5 --  1.5                                                                              --  2   --  1.2               H.sub.2 O                                                                          85  82-84                                                                             80 81  81 81 83  81 92  87-91                                                                             92  90.5                                                                             92  90  92  90.8              Viscosity                                                                          Under                                                                             Under                                                                              4.95                                                                            14.3                                                                              4.35                                                                             13.35                                                                            Under                                                                             2.55                                                                             Under                                                                             Under                                                                             Under                                                                             1.4                                                                              Under                                                                             2.7 Under                                                                             8.2               (20° C.,                                                                    0.1 0.1              0.1    0.1 0.1 0.1    0.1     0.1                   Pa · sec)                                                            __________________________________________________________________________     *in % by weight active substance                                         

                  TABLE 2                                                         ______________________________________                                        Composition*                                                                           17    18     19  3    4   20   9   11   13  15                       ______________________________________                                        PFC      20    --      6  7.5   9  --    8   4    5   3                       APG      --    25     15  12.5 10   8   --   4    3   5                       H.sub.2 O                                                                              80    75     79  80   81  92   92  92   92  92                       Foam volume                                                                             2    13     18  21   23  10    1  19   16  20                       [1] at 20° C.                                                          ______________________________________                                         *in % by weight active substance                                         

The invention claimed is:
 1. A water-based detergent preparation,comprising:(A) from 1 to 20% by weight of a condensation product offatty acids containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms with a component selectedfrom the group consisting of water-soluble oligo- and poly-peptides,water soluble salts thereof, and mixtures thereof; and (B) from 1 to 20%by weight of an alkyl glycoside corresponding to the formula R¹-(G)_(x), in which R¹ is an alkyl group containing 8 to 22 carbon atomsand (G)_(x) is a glycoside or oligoglycoside unit having a degree ofoligomerization x of 1 to
 10. 2. A water-based detergent preparation asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the sum of the condensation product (A) andthe alkyl glycoside (B) is at least 5% by weight and no more than 20% byweight of other surface-active agents are present.
 3. A water-baseddetergent preparation as claimed in claim 2, wherein component (A) isselected from the group consisting of condensation products of C₁₂₋₁₈fatty acids with water soluble protein hydrolyzates.
 4. A water-baseddetergent preparation as claimed in claim 3, wherein component (B) isselected from the group consisting of alkyl glycosides corresponding tothe formula R¹ -(G)_(x), in which R¹ is a C₁₂₋₁₆ alkyl group and (G)_(x)is the residue of a mixture of glucosides and oligoglucosides having anaverage degree of oligomerization from 1 to
 2. 5. A water-baseddetergent preparation as claimed in claim 2, additionally comprising atleast one of:(C) from 1 to 8% by weight of an amphoteric or zwitterionicsurfactant; and (D) from 0.1 to 5% by weight of a water-solubleinorganic electrolyte salt.
 6. A water-based detergent preparation asclaimed in claim 5, wherein component (A) is selected from the groupconsisting of condensation products of C₁₂₋₁₈ fatty acids with watersoluble protein hydrolyzates.
 7. A water-based detergent preparation asclaimed in claim 6, wherein component (B) is selected from the groupconsisting of alkyl glycosides corresponding to the formula R¹ -(G)_(x),in which R¹ is a C₁₂₋₁₆ alkyl group and (G)_(x) is the residue of amixture of glucosides and oligoglucosides having an average degree ofoligomerization from 1 to
 2. 8. A water-based detergent preparation asclaimed in claim 5, wherein the sum of components (A)+(B)+(C)+(D) is atleast 8% by weight.
 9. A water-based detergent preparation as claimed inclaim 8, wherein component (A) is selected from the group consisting ofcondensation products of C₁₂₋₁₈ fatty acids with water soluble proteinhydrolyzates.
 10. A water-based detergent preparation as claimed inclaim 9, wherein component (B) is selected from the group consisting ofalkyl glycosides corresponding to the formula R¹ -(G)_(x), in which R¹is a C₁₂₋₁₆ alkyl group and (G)_(x) is the residue of a mixture ofglucosides and oligoglucosides having an average degree ofoligomerization from 1 to
 2. 11. A water-based detergent preparation asclaimed in claim 1, additionally comprising at least one of:(C) from 1to 8% by weight of an amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant; and (D)from 0.1 to 5% by weight of a water-soluble inorganic electrolyte salt.12. A water-based detergent preparation as claimed in claim 11, whereincomponent (A) is selected from the group consisting of condensationproducts of C₁₂₋₁₈ fatty acids with water soluble protein hydrolyzates.13. A water-based detergent preparation as claimed in claim 12, whereincomponent (B) is selected from the group consisting of alkyl glycosidescorresponding to the formula R¹ -(G)_(x), in which R¹ is a C₁₂₋₁₆ alkylgroup and (G)_(x) is the residue of a mixture of glucosides andoligoglucosides having an average degree of oligomerization from 1 to 2.14. A water-based detergent preparation as claimed in claim 11, whereinthe sum of components (A)+(B)+(C)+(D) is at least 8% by weight.
 15. Awater-based detergent preparation as claimed in claim 14, whereincomponent (A) is selected from the group consisting of condensationproducts of C₁₂₋₁₈ fatty acids with water soluble protein hydrolyzates.16. A water-based detergent preparation as claimed in claim 15, whereincomponent (B) is selected from the group consisting of alkyl glycosidescorresponding to the formula R¹ -(G)_(x), in which R¹ is a C₁₂₋₁₆ alkylgroup and (G)_(x) is the residue of a mixture of glucosides andoligoglucosides having an average degree of oligomerization from 1 to 2.17. A water-based detergent preparation as claimed in claim 14, whereincomponent (B) is selected from the group consisting of alkyl glycosidescorresponding to the formula R¹ -(G)_(x), in which R¹ is a C₁₂₋₁₆ alkylgroup and (G)_(x) is the residue of a mixture of glucosides andoligoglucosides having an average degree of oligomerization from 1 to 2.18. A water-based detergent preparation as claimed in claim 11, whereincomponent (B) is selected from the group consisting of alkyl glycosidescorresponding to the formula R¹ -(G)_(x), in which R¹ is a C₁₂₋₁₆ alkylgroup and (G)_(x) is the residue of a mixture of glucosides andoligoglucosides having an average degree of oligomerization from 1 to 2.19. A water-based detergent preparation as claimed in claim 1, whereincomponent (A) is selected from the group consisting of condensationproducts of C₁₂₋₁₈ fatty acids with water soluble protein hydrolyzates.20. A water-based detergent preparation as claimed in claim 19, whereincomponent (B) is selected from the group consisting of alkyl glycosidescorresponding to the formula R¹ -(G)_(x), in which R¹ is a C₁₂₋₁₆ alkylgroup and (G)_(x) is the residue of a mixture of glucosides andoligoglucosides having an average degree of oligomerization from 1 to 2.